/proc/meminfo 내용 [Red Hat] 자료

출처 : http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/enterprise/RHEL-4-Manual/en-US/Reference_Guide/s2-proc-meminfo.html

/proc/meminfo 내용

This is one of the more commonly used files in the /proc/ directory, as it reports a large amount of valuable information about the systems RAM usage.

The following sample /proc/meminfo virtual file is from a system with 256 MB of RAM and 512 MB of swap space:

         MemTotal: 255908 kB MemFree: 69936 kB Buffers: 15812 kB Cached: 115124 kB SwapCached: 0 kB Active: 92700 kB Inactive: 63792 kB HighTotal: 0 kB HighFree: 0 kB LowTotal: 255908 kB LowFree: 69936 kB SwapTotal: 524280 kB SwapFree: 524280 kB Dirty: 4 kB Writeback: 0 kB Mapped: 42236 kB Slab: 25912 kB Committed_AS: 118680 kB PageTables: 1236 kB VmallocTotal: 3874808 kB VmallocUsed: 1416 kB VmallocChunk: 3872908 kB HugePages_Total: 0 HugePages_Free: 0 Hugepagesize: 4096 kB 

Much of the information here is used by the free, top, and ps commands. In fact, the output of the free command is similar in appearance to the contents and structure of /proc/meminfo. But by looking directly at /proc/meminfo, more details are revealed:

  • MemTotal — Total amount of physical RAM, in kilobytes.

  • MemFree — The amount of physical RAM, in kilobytes, left unused by the system.

  • Buffers — The amount of physical RAM, in kilobytes, used for file buffers.

  • Cached — The amount of physical RAM, in kilobytes, used as cache memory.

  • SwapCached — The amount of swap, in kilobytes, used as cache memory.

  • Active — The total amount of buffer or page cache memory, in kilobytes, that is in active use. This is memory that has been recently used and is usually not reclaimed for other purposes.

  • Inactive — The total amount of buffer or page cache memory, in kilobytes, that are free and available. This is memory that has not been recently used and can be reclaimed for other purposes.

  • HighTotal and HighFree — The total and free amount of memory, in kilobytes, that is not directly mapped into kernel space. The HighTotal value can vary based on the type of kernel used.

  • LowTotal and LowFree — The total and free amount of memory, in kilobytes, that is directly mapped into kernel space. The LowTotal value can vary based on the type of kernel used.

  • SwapTotal — The total amount of swap available, in kilobytes.

  • SwapFree — The total amount of swap free, in kilobytes.

  • Dirty — The total amount of memory, in kilobytes, waiting to be written back to the disk.

  • Writeback — The total amount of memory, in kilobytes, actively being written back to the disk.

  • Mapped — The total amount of memory, in kilobytes, which have been used to map devices, files, or libraries using the mmap command.

  • Slab — The total amount of memory, in kilobytes, used by the kernel to cache data structures for its own use.

  • Committed_AS — The total amount of memory, in kilobytes, estimated to complete the workload. This value represents the worst case scenario value, and also includes swap memory.

  • PageTables — The total amount of memory, in kilobytes, dedicated to the lowest page table level.

  • VMallocTotal — The total amount of memory, in kilobytes, of total allocated virtual address space.

  • VMallocUsed — The total amount of memory, in kilobytes, of used virtual address space.

  • VMallocChunk — The largest contiguous block of memory, in kilobytes, of available virtual address space.

  • HugePages_Total — The total number of hugepages for the system. The number is derived by dividing Hugepagesize by the megabytes set aside for hugepages specified in /proc/sys/vm/hugetlb_pool. This statistic only appears on the x86, Itanium, and AMD64 architectures.

  • HugePages_Free — The total number of hugepages available for the system. This statistic only appears on the x86, Itanium, and AMD64 architectures.

  • Hugepagesize — The size for each hugepages unit in kilobytes. By default, the value is 4096 KB on uniprocessor kernels for 32 bit architectures. For SMP, hugemem kernels, and AMD64, the default is 2048 KB. For Itanium architectures, the default is 262144 KB. This statistic only appears on the x86, Itanium, and AMD64 architectures.

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Posted by 삐꾸강아쥐

2008/09/23 11:20 2008/09/23 11:20
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ㅡ.ㅡ 뭐... 이래 저래... 5일 쉬었습니다.

길다면 길고 짧다면 짧을 수 있지만...

ㅎㅎㅎ... 이제 무슨 낙으로 사나요...ㅠㅠ

크리스 마스???

개천절??? ( 쉬던가??? )

흠...

아무튼... 당분간은 열심히 일 해야 될듯 합니다.

^^ 오늘 하루도... 고생들 하시고...

열심히 살아 보아요~~~
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Posted by 삐꾸강아쥐

2008/09/17 08:05 2008/09/17 08:05
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[이벤트]LG텔레콤 빅3팩 출시기념

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Posted by 삐꾸강아쥐

2008/09/10 08:28 2008/09/10 08:28
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드디어... 또 한편이 나오는군요...^^

자동차에 관심있는 분이라면 한번씩은 꼭 보는 영화 시리즈...

^^
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Posted by 삐꾸강아쥐

2008/09/07 13:23 2008/09/07 13:23
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아들 ^^

이제 조금 있으면... 만 6개월이 됩니다.

^^ 요즘은... 기어가기 초급과정이구요...

케이블만 보면... 빨아 먹습니다.

사용자 삽입 이미지
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Posted by 삐꾸강아쥐

2008/09/06 05:09 2008/09/06 05:09
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[Linux] rsh, rlogin 사용하기

rsh, rlogin 을 사용하기 위해선

1. 우선 rsh rpm이 설치되어 있어야 한다
ex)
rpm -qa|grep rsh
rsh-0.17-38.el5

만약 없다면 해당 OS에 맞는 버전 설치

2. rsh , rlogin 서비스 ON 시키기

런레벨 등록

chkconfig rsh --level 345 on
chkconfig rlogin --level 345 on

service xinetd restart  ## xinetd daemon restart

3. krb 인증과 관련하여 krb5-workstation 패키지를 삭제 합니다.
ex)
rpm -e krb5-workstation-xxxx

4. rsh,rlogin 을 사용하기 위해서
vi   /etc/securetty 의 마지막줄에

rsh, rlogin 을 추가 후
ex)
console
vc/1
vc/2
vc/3
vc/4
vc/5
vc/6
vc/7
vc/8
vc/9
vc/10
vc/11
tty1
tty2
tty3
tty4
tty5
tty6
tty7
tty8
tty9
tty10
tty11
rsh
rlogin


5. /etc/hosts 등록 ( 관리하는 서버들의 호스트를 등록해주면 편합니다. )
ex)
192.168.0.1 node01
192.168.0.2 node02
192.168.0.3 node03
.
.
.
192.168.0.x node0x

6. /etc/hosts.equiv 파일 작성후
rsh, rlogin 을 사용할 노드들을 등록
ex)
node01
node02
node03
.
.
.
node0x

7. 마지막으로 root 폴더에 .rhosts 작성후 /etc/hosts.equiv 와 같은 내용 등록
ex)
node01
node02
node03
.
.
.
node0x

8. 모든 서버에 똑같이 적용 시킨다.

9. test)
rsh node01
rsh node02

접속이 된다면 완료.




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Posted by 삐꾸강아쥐

2008/09/04 10:15 2008/09/04 10:15
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[Linux]패스워드 정책 만들기

출처 : http://kbase.redhat.com/faq/FAQ_44_8148.shtm
작성자의 요청이 있을경우 자삭 함.

패스워드 등록시 최소 길이, 대/소문자 넣기 등등의 정책을 만들경우 해당되는 내용임

Issue:
How can I force users to create passwords that meet complexity requirements, such as length, special characters and numbers?

Resolution:

Limitation:
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 Update 4 and later

In Red Hat Enterprise Linux Version 3 Update 4 and later, the PAM module pam_cracklib can be used to force password complexity requirements.

By making a simple change to the pam_cracklib.so line in /etc/pam.d/system-auth the following password characteristics can be required:

  • Minimum password length (minlen)
  • Minimum number of lower case letters (lcredit)
  • Minimum number of upper case letters (ucredit)
  • Minimum number of numeric characters (dcredit)
  • Minimum number of non-alphanumeric characters (ocredit)

The following example shows a modified /etc/pam.d/system-auth pam_cracklib line:

password    required      /lib/security/$ISA/pam_cracklib.so retry=3 minlen=8 dcredit=-1 ucredit=-1 lcredit=-1 ocredit=-1

With the above example users would be required to choose passwords that are at least 8 characters long, that have at least one lower case character, one uppercase character, one number and one special character. Note that to require any of these characteristics a negative number is specified.

The output below illustrates what happens when a user tries to make a password that does not meet these requirements:

[test500@localhost ~]$ passwd Changing password for user test500. Changing password for test500 (current) UNIX password: New UNIX password: BAD PASSWORD: is too simple New UNIX password:

Password complexity is one of the most effective, and simple, security measures an administrator can implement.



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Posted by 삐꾸강아쥐

2008/09/03 11:28 2008/09/03 11:28
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- 삐꾸강아쥐

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